Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2020 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
Introduction: Health care-associated infection is an infection acquired during\nthe care delivered in the hospital or in any other care establishment which\nwas neither present, nor in incubation at the admission of the patient or at\nthe time of delivering the care or which does not manifest itself only after the\npatient has been discharged or an infection contracted by the professional in\nthe course of his duties. Objectives: To identify mean causative germs and to\ndetermine their sensitivity to antibiotics and to identify the risk factors of\nhealth care-associated infection. Material and methods: It was about a prospective\nlongitudinal study conducted from November 1, 2017 to April 1, 2018\n(6 months) in all children admitted to the pediatric surgery service.\nNon-consenting parents and outpatient necrosectomy case have not been included\nin this study. Results: This study included 200 patients, of whom 30\nexperienced the hospital acquired infections with an infection rate of 15%.\nThe surgical site infection was the most common type, with 16 cases (53.3%),\nfollowed by burns in 13 cases (43.3%) and urinary tract infection in 1 case\n(3.3%). The average age of patients with infection was 56.33......................
Background: Early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is essential to prevent severe complications and avoid unnecessary\nuse of antibiotics. The mortality of neonatal sepsis is over 18%in many countries. This study aimed to develop a\npredictive model for the diagnosis of bacterial late-onset neonatal sepsis.\nMethods: A case-control study was conducted at Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand.\nData were derived from the medical records of 52 sepsis cases and 156 non-sepsis controls. Only proven bacterial\nneonatal sepsis cases were included in the sepsis group. The non-sepsis group consisted of neonates without any\ninfection. Potential predictors consisted of risk factors, clinical conditions, laboratory data, and treatment modalities.\nThe model was developed based on multiple logistic regression analysis.\nResults: The incidence of late proven neonatal sepsis was 1.46%. The model had 6 significant variables: poor\nfeeding, abnormal heart rate (outside the range 100â??180 x/min), abnormal temperature (outside the range 36 Degree C - 37.9 Degree C), abnormal oxygen saturation, abnormal leucocytes (according to Manroeâ??s criteria by age), and abnormal\npH (outside the range 7.27â??7.45). The area below the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve was 95.5%. The\nscore had a sensitivity of 88.5% and specificity of 90.4%.\nConclusion: A predictive model and a scoring system were developed for proven bacterial late-onset neonatal\nsepsis. This simpler tool is expected to somewhat replace microbiological culture, especially in resource-limited\nsettings....
Background: Diarrhea is responsible for 525,000 children under-five deaths and 1.7 billion cases globally and is the\nsecond leading cause of death among children under-five every year. It is a major public health problem in low\nincome countries like Ethiopia. The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea and associated\nrisk factors among children under-five in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia.\nMethods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 420 parent or caretaker/children pairs in\nDebre Berhan town between 13 and 18 April 2018. A multi-stage sampling strategy was used to select the study\nparticipants. Data were collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaires. Data were entered in Epi-info\ncomputer software version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS Window Version-16 for analysis. Adjusted odds ratio with\n95% confidence intervals were used to assess the level of significance.\nResults: The two week prevalence of diarrhea among children under-five was 16.4% (69/351). Children aged 7â??11\nmonths (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2â??15.3), being the second-born child (AOR:\n3.9, 95%CI: 1.8â??8.5), not vaccinated against rotavirus (AOR: 10.3, 95%CI: 3.2â??91.3) and feeding children by hand\n(AOR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.1â??6.1) were significant predictors of diarrhea.\nConclusions: This study revealed that the two weeks period prevalence of diarrhea among children under-five\nyears was 16.4%. Education programs on the importance of vaccination against rotavirus, increasing breast feeding\nfrequency with complementary food after six months and the critical points of hand washing are recommended....
Premature infants are at risk for developmental delay. We assessed the psychomotor\ndevelopment of children born before 37 weeks of gestation. Methods:\nThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the Pediatric\nDepartment of the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital from\nJanuary to May 2018. We used the Denver II scale to assess the psychomotor\ndevelopment of children born premature aged 9 months to 6 years. Children\nborn between January 2012 and April 2017 at a gestational age strictly below\n37 weeks of gestation were included. Using logistic regression, we searched\nfor perinatal factors associated with abnormalities of psychomotor developmental.\nResults: We included 50 children in our study, 60% of whom were\nboys, giving a sex ratio of 1.5. The mean age was..............
Background: In this study, we evaluated the genetic relatedness of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing\nKlebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KPN) isolates from an outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in August 2017,\nWe implemented an active countermeasure to control this outbreak successfully.\nMethods: The incidence of healthcare-associated ESBL-KPN bacteremia was evaluated before and after initiating\nenhanced infection control (IC) practices in January 2018. Surveillance cultures were set up and monitored for\nneonates, medical personnel, and NICU environments. Molecular analyses, including pulse-field gel electrophoresis\n(PFGE), sequence typing, and ESBL genotyping, were performed for the isolated KPN strains.\nResults: After implementing the enhanced IC procedures, the healthcare-associated bacteremia rate decreased\nfrom 6.0 to 0.0 per 1000 patient-days. Samples from neonates (n = 11/15, 73.3%), medical personnel (n = 1/41, 2.4%),\nand medical devices and the environments (6/181, 3.3%) tested positive for ESBL-KPN in the surveillance cultures in\nDecember 2017. Active surveillance cultures revealed that 23 of 72 neonates who were screened (31.9%) were\ncolonized with ESBL-KPN between January and March 2018. All the isolates demonstrated closely related PFGE\npatterns and were identified as ST307 strain carrying the CTX-M-15 gene.\nConclusions: Contaminated NICU environments and medical devices, as well as transmission by medical personnel,\nappeared to be the source of the outbreak of ESBL-KPN infection. We employed an enhanced IC strategy during\nJanuaryâ??March 2018 and successfully controlled the clonal outbreak of CTX-M-15-positive KPN. ST307 has emerged\nas an important bacteremia-causing pathogen in the NICU and should be carefully monitored...
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